DEBOLEZZA MUSCOLARE E COLLEGAMENTO CON DISABILITÀ
Questi 60 studi stabiliscono saldamente il legame tra debolezza muscolare e disabilità precoce.
Più sei forte, più a lungo vivi e meno disabilità soffri. Questo effetto è indipendente dall'età, dalla forma fisica, dall'esercizio fisico e dal BMI (peso corporeo).
La forza e la coordinazione muscolare dipende dalla funzione nervosa.
Laukkanen, P., Heikkinen, E., & Kauppinen, M. (1995). Muscle strength and mobility as predictors of survival in 75-84-year- old people. Age and Ageing, 24(6), 468–473. http://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/24.6.468
Blair, S. N. (1996). Influences of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Other Precursors on Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Men and Women. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 276(3), 205. http://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540030039029
Lee, C. D., Blair, S. N., & Jackson, a S. (1999). Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69(3), 373–80. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10075319
Rantanen, T., Harris, T., Leveille, S. G., Visser, M., Foley, D., Masaki, K., & Guralnik, J. M. (2000). Muscle strength and body mass index as long-term predictors of mortality in initially healthy men. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 55(3), M168–M173. http://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/55.3.M168
Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Craig, C. L. (2002). Musculoskeletal fitness and risk of mortality. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(5), 740–744. http://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205000-00002
Rantanen, T., Volpato, S., Luigi Ferrucci, M., Eino Heikkinen, M., Fried, L. P., & Guralnik, J. M. (2003). Handgrip Strength and Cause-Specific and Total Mortality in Older Disabled Women: Exploring the Mechanism. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51(5), 636–641. http://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0579.2003.00207.x
FitzGerald, S. J., Barlow, C. E., Kampert, J. B., Morrow, J. R., Jackson, A. W., & Blair, S. N. (2004). Muscular Fitness and All-Cause Mortality: Prospective Observations. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 1(1), 7–18. http://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.1.1.7
Willardson, J. M., & Tudor-Locke, C. (2005). Survival of the Strongest: A Brief Review Examining the Association Between Muscular Fitness and Mortality. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 27(3), 80–85. http://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4295(2005)027[0080:SOTSAB]2.0.CO;2
Newman, A. B., Kupelian, V., Visser, M., Simonsick, E. M., Goodpaster, B. H., Kritchevsky, S. B., … Harris, T. B. (2006). Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study cohort. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 61(1), 72–77. http://doi.org/61/1/72 [pii]
Sasaki, H., Kasagi, F., Yamada, M., & Fujita, S. (2007). Grip Strength Predicts Cause-Specific Mortality in Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons. The American Journal of Medicine, 120(4), 337–342. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.04.018
Gale, C. R., Martyn, C. N., Cooper, C., & Sayer, A. A. (2007). Grip strength, body composition, and mortality. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36(1), 228–235. http://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl224
Swallow, E. B., Reyes, D., Hopkinson, N. S., Man, W. D.-C., Porcher, R., Cetti, E. J., … Polkey, M. I. (2007). Quadriceps strength predicts mortality in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 62(2), 115–120. http://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2006.062026
Ali, N. A., O’Brien, J. M., Hoffmann, S. P., Phillips, G., Garland, A., Finley, J. C. W., … Marsh, C. B. (2008). Acquired weakness, handgrip strength, and mortality in critically III patients. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 178(3), 261–268. http://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200712-1829OC
Ruiz, J. R., Sui, X., Lobelo, F., Morrow, J. R., Jackson, A. W., Sjostrom, M., & Blair, S. N. (2008). Association between muscular strength and mortality in men: prospective cohort study. Bmj, 337(jul01 2), a439–a439. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a439
Ruiz, J. R., Castro-Pinero, J., Artero, E. G., Ortega, F. B., Sjostrom, M., Suni, J., & Castillo, M. J. (2009). Predictive validity of health-related fitness in youth: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(12), 909–923.http://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.056499
Ruiz, J. R., Sui, X., Lobelo, F., Lee, D. C., Morrow, J. R., Jackson, A. W., … Blair, S. N. (2009). Muscular strength and adiposity as predictors of adulthood cancer mortality in men. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 18(5), 1468–1476. http://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1075
Xue, Q. L., Beamer, B. A., Chaves, P. H. M., Guralnik, J. M., & Fried, L. P. (2010). Heterogeneity in rate of decline in grip, hip, and knee strength and the risk of all-cause mortality: The women’s health and aging study II. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58(11), 2076–2084. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03154.x
Phillips, A. C., Der, G., & Carroll, D. (2010). Self-reported health, self-reported fitness, and all-cause mortality: Prospective cohort study. British Journal of Health Psychology, 15(2), 337–346. http://doi.org/10.1348/135910709X466180
Cooper R Kuh D Hardy R Mortality Review Group FALCon and HALCyon Study Teams.Objectively measured physical capability levels and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis.(2010) BMJ. 2010 Sep 9;341:c4467. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c4467.
Han, S. S., Kim, K. W., Kim, K.-I., Na, K. Y., Chae, D.-W., Kim, S., & Chin, H. J. (2010). Lean Mass Index: A Better Predictor of Mortality than Body Mass Index in Elderly Asians. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58(2), 312–317. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02672.x
Artero, E. G., Lee, D., Ruiz, J. R., Sui, X., Ortega, F. B., Church, T. S., … Blair, S. N. (2011). A Prospective Study of Muscular Strength and All-Cause Mortality in Men With Hypertension. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 57(18), 1831–1837. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.12.025
Sundermann, S., Dademasch, A., Rastan, A., Praetorius, J., Rodriguez, H., Walther, T., … Falk, V. (2011). One-year follow-up of patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery assessed with the Comprehensive Assessment of Frailty test and its simplified form. Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, 13(2), 119–123. http://doi.org/10.1510/icvts.2010.251884
Norman, K., Stobäus, N., Gonzalez, M. C., Schulzke, J. D., & Pirlich, M. (2011). Hand grip strength: Outcome predictor and marker of nutritional status. Clinical Nutrition. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2010.09.010
Artero, E. G., Lee, D., Lavie, C. J., España-Romero, V., Sui, X., Church, T. S., & Blair, S. N. (2012). Effects of Muscular Strength on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Prognosis. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 32(6), 351–358. http://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0b013e3182642688
Masunari, N., Fujiwara, S., Kasagi, F., Takahashi, I., Yamada, M., & Nakamura, T. (2012). Height loss starting in middle age predicts increased mortality in the elderly. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 27(1), 138–145. http://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.513
Garc??a-Pe??a, C., Garc??a-Fabela, L. C., Guti??rrez-Robledo, L. M., Garc??a-Gonz??lez, J. J., Arango-Lopera, V. E., & P??rez-Zepeda, M. U. (2013). Handgrip Strength Predicts Functional Decline at Discharge in Hospitalized Male Elderly: A Hospital Cohort Study. PLoS ONE, 8(7). http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069849
Schaap, L. A., Koster, A., & Visser, M. (2013). Adiposity, muscle mass, and muscle strength in relation to functional decline in older persons. Epidemiologic Reviews, 35(1), 51–65. http://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxs006
Cheung, C. L., Nguyen, U. S. D. T., Au, E., Tan, K. C. B., & Kung, A. W. C. (2013). Association of handgrip strength with chronic diseases and multimorbidity: A cross-sectional study. Age, 35(3), 929–941. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-012-9385-y
Puhan, M. A., Siebeling, L., Zoller, M., Muggensturm, P., & Riet, G. Ter. (2013). Simple functional performance tests and mortality in COPD. European Respiratory Journal, 42(4), 956–963. http://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00131612
Isaia, G., Greppi, F., Pastorino, A., Bersano, E. M., Rrodhe, S., Ricauda, N. A., … Zanocchi, M. (2013). Predictive effects of muscle strength after hospitalization in old patients. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 25(6), 633–636. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-013-0162-2
Savino, E., Martini, E., Lauretani, F., Pioli, G., Zagatti, A. M., Frondini, C., … Volpato, S. (2013). Handgrip strength predicts persistent walking recovery after hip fracture surgery. American Journal of Medicine, 126(12). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.04.017
Chuang, S. Y., Chang, H. Y., Lee, M. S., Chia-Yu Chen, R., & Pan, W. H. (2014). Skeletal muscle mass and risk of death in an elderly population. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 24(7), 784–791. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2013.11.010
de Brito, L. B. B., Ricardo, D. R., de Araújo, D. S. M. S., Ramos, P. S., Myers, J., & de Araújo, C. G. S. (2014). Ability to sit and rise from the floor as a predictor of all-cause mortality. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 21(7), 892–898. http://doi.org/10.1177/2047487312471759
Hermans, G., Van Mechelen, H., Clerckx, B., Vanhullebusch, T., Mesotten, D., Wilmer, A., … Van Den Berghe, G. (2014). Acute outcomes and 1-year mortality of intensive care unit-acquired weakness: A cohort study and propensity-matched analysis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 190(4), 410–420. http://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201312-2257OC
Matos, C. M., Silva, L. F., Santana, L. D., Santos, L. S., Protásio, B. M., Rocha, M. T., … Lopes, A. A. (2014). Handgrip strength at baseline and mortality risk in a cohort of women and men on hemodialysis: A 4-year study. Journal of Renal Nutrition, 24(3), 157–162. http://doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2013.12.005
Timpka, S., Petersson, I. F., Zhou, C., & Englund, M. (2014). Muscle strength in adolescent men and risk of cardiovascular disease events and mortality in middle age: a prospective cohort study. BMC Medicine, 12(1), 62. http://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-12-62
Rowe, R., Iqbal, J., Murali-Krishnan, R., Sultan, A., Orme, R., Briffa, N., … Gunn, J. (2014). Role of frailty assessment in patients undergoing cardiac interventions. Open Heart, 1(1), e000033. http://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2013-000033
Srikanthan, P., & Karlamangla, A. S. (2014). Muscle mass index as a predictor of longevity in older adults. American Journal of Medicine, 127(6), 547–553. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.02.007
Legrand, D., Vaes, B., Matheï, C., Adriaensen, W., Van Pottelbergh, G., & Degryse, J. M. (2014). Muscle strength and physical performance as predictors of mortality, hospitalization, and disability in the oldest old. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 62(6), 1030–1038. http://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12840
Donoghue, O. A., Savva, G. M., Cronin, H., Kenny, R. A., & Horgan, N. F. (2014). Using timed up and go and usual gait speed to predict incident disability in daily activities among community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 95(10), 1954–1961. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.06.008
Bohannon, R. W., & Magasi, S. (2015). Identification of dynapenia in older adults through the use of grip strength t-scores. Muscle and Nerve, 51(1), 102–105. http://doi.org/10.1002/mus.24264
Dodds, R., & Sayer, A. A. (2015). Sarcopenia and frailty: new challenges for clinical practice. Clinical Medicine, 15(Suppl_6), s88–s91. http://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.15-6-s88
Sayer, A. A., & Kirkwood, T. B. L. (2015). Grip strength and mortality: A biomarker of ageing? The Lancet, 386(9990), 226–227. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62349-7
Guadalupe-Grau, A., Carnicero, J. A., Gómez-Cabello, A., Avila, G. G., Humanes, S., Alegre, L. M., … García-García, F. J. (2015). Association of regional muscle strength with mortality and hospitalisation in older people. Age and Ageing, 44(5), 790–795. http://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afv080
Rijk, J. M., Roos, P. R., Deckx, L., van den Akker, M., & Buntinx, F. (2015). Prognostic value of handgrip strength in people aged 60 years and older: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, n/a-n/a. http://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12508
Costa, T. M. da R. L., Costa, F. M., Moreira, C. A., Rabelo, L. M., Boguszewski, C. L., & Borba, V. Z. C. (2015). Sarcopenia in COPD: relationship with COPD severity and prognosis. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, 41(5), 415–421. http://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-37132015000000040
Leong, D. P., Teo, K. K., Rangarajan, S., Lopez-Jaramillo, P., Avezum, A., Orlandini, A., … Yusuf, S. (2015). Prognostic value of grip strength: Findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The Lancet, 386(9990), 266–273. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62000-6
Martien, S., Delecluse, C., Boen, F., Seghers, J., Pelssers, J., Van Hoecke, A. S., & Van Roie, E. (2015). Is knee extension strength a better predictor of functional performance than handgrip strength among older adults in three different settings? Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 60(2), 252–258. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2014.11.010
Volaklis, K. A., Halle, M., & Meisinger, C. (2015). Muscular strength as a strong predictor of mortality: A narrative review. European Journal of Internal Medicine. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2015.04.013
Martín-Ponce, E., Hernández-Betancor, I., González-Reimers, E., Hernández-Luis, R., Martínez-Riera, A., & Santolaria, F. (2015). Prognostic value of physical function tests: hand grip strength and six-minute walking test in elderly hospitalized patients. Scientific Reports, 4(1), 7530. http://doi.org/10.1038/srep07530
Lino, V. T. S., Rodrigues, N. C. P., O’Dwyer, G., Andrade, M. K. D. N., Mattos, I. E., & Portela, M. C. (2016). Handgrip strength and factors associated in poor elderly assisted at a primary care unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PLoS ONE, 11(11). http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166373
Kraschnewski, J. L., Sciamanna, C. N., Poger, J. M., Rovniak, L. S., Lehman, E. B., Cooper, A. B., … Ciccolo, J. T. (2016). Is strength training associated with mortality benefits? A 15 year cohort study of US older adults. Preventive Medicine, 87, 121–127. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.038
Ding, L., & Yang, F. (2016). Muscle weakness is related to slip-initiated falls among community-dwelling older adults. Journal of Biomechanics, 49(2), 238–243. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.12.009
McLeod, M., Breen, L., Hamilton, D. L., & Philp, A. (2016). Live strong and prosper: the importance of skeletal muscle strength for healthy ageing. Biogerontology, 17(3), 497–510. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-015-9631-7
Fragala, M. S., Alley, D. E., Shardell, M. D., Harris, T. B., McLean, R. R., Kiel, D. P., … Kenny, A. M. (2016). Comparison of Handgrip and Leg Extension Strength in Predicting Slow Gait Speed in Older Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64(1), 144–150. http://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13871
Strand, B. H., Cooper, R., Bergland, A., Jørgensen, L., Schirmer, H., Skirbekk, V., & Emaus, N. (2016). The association of grip strength from midlife onwards with all-cause and cause-specific mortality over 17 years of follow-up in the Tromsø Study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 70(12), 1214–1221. http://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-206776
Rossi, A. P., Fantin, F., Caliari, C., Zoico, E., Mazzali, G., Zanardo, M., … Zamboni, M. (2016). Dynapenic abdominal obesity as predictor of mortality and disability worsening in older adults: A 10-year prospective study. Clinical Nutrition, 35(1), 199–204. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.02.005
Leong, D. P., Teo, K. K., Rangarajan, S., Kutty, V. R., Lanas, F., Hui, C., … Yusuf, S. (2016). Reference ranges of handgrip strength from 125,462 healthy adults in 21 countries: a prospective urban rural epidemiologic (PURE) study. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 7(5), 535–546. http://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12112
Gaikwad, N. R., Gupta, S. J., Samarth, A. R., & Sankalecha, T. H. (2016). Handgrip dynamometry: A surrogate marker of malnutrition to predict the prognosis in alcoholic liver disease. Annals of Gastroenterology, 29(4), 509–514. http://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2016.0049
Celis-Morales, C. A., Lyall, D. M., Anderson, J., Iliodromiti, S., Fan, Y., Ntuk, U. E., … Gill, J. M. R. (2017). The association between physical activity and risk of mortality is modulated by grip strength and cardiorespiratory fitness: Evidence from 498 135 UK-Biobank participants. European Heart Journal, 38(2), 116–122. http://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw249
Menant, J. C., Weber, F., Lo, J., Sturnieks, D. L., Close, J. C., Sachdev, P. S., … Lord, S. R. (2017). Strength measures are better than muscle mass measures in predicting health-related outcomes in older people: time to abandon the term sarcopenia? Osteoporosis International, 28(1), 59–70. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-016-3691-7
Celis-Morales CA, Welsh P, Lyall DM et al(2018) Associations of grip strength with cardiovascular, respiratory, and cancer outcomes and all cause mortality: prospective cohort study of half a million UK Biobank participants https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29739772
Sang-Min Park et al. (2018) Low handgrip strength is closely associated with chronic low back pain among women aged 50 years or older: A cross-sectional study using a national health survey https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207759
Thanks to Simon King.
Questi 60 studi stabiliscono saldamente il legame tra debolezza muscolare e disabilità precoce.
Più sei forte, più a lungo vivi e meno disabilità soffri. Questo effetto è indipendente dall'età, dalla forma fisica, dall'esercizio fisico e dal BMI (peso corporeo).
La forza e la coordinazione muscolare dipende dalla funzione nervosa.
Laukkanen, P., Heikkinen, E., & Kauppinen, M. (1995). Muscle strength and mobility as predictors of survival in 75-84-year- old people. Age and Ageing, 24(6), 468–473. http://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/24.6.468
Blair, S. N. (1996). Influences of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Other Precursors on Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Men and Women. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 276(3), 205. http://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540030039029
Lee, C. D., Blair, S. N., & Jackson, a S. (1999). Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69(3), 373–80. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10075319
Rantanen, T., Harris, T., Leveille, S. G., Visser, M., Foley, D., Masaki, K., & Guralnik, J. M. (2000). Muscle strength and body mass index as long-term predictors of mortality in initially healthy men. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 55(3), M168–M173. http://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/55.3.M168
Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Craig, C. L. (2002). Musculoskeletal fitness and risk of mortality. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(5), 740–744. http://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205000-00002
Rantanen, T., Volpato, S., Luigi Ferrucci, M., Eino Heikkinen, M., Fried, L. P., & Guralnik, J. M. (2003). Handgrip Strength and Cause-Specific and Total Mortality in Older Disabled Women: Exploring the Mechanism. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51(5), 636–641. http://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0579.2003.00207.x
FitzGerald, S. J., Barlow, C. E., Kampert, J. B., Morrow, J. R., Jackson, A. W., & Blair, S. N. (2004). Muscular Fitness and All-Cause Mortality: Prospective Observations. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 1(1), 7–18. http://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.1.1.7
Willardson, J. M., & Tudor-Locke, C. (2005). Survival of the Strongest: A Brief Review Examining the Association Between Muscular Fitness and Mortality. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 27(3), 80–85. http://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4295(2005)027[0080:SOTSAB]2.0.CO;2
Newman, A. B., Kupelian, V., Visser, M., Simonsick, E. M., Goodpaster, B. H., Kritchevsky, S. B., … Harris, T. B. (2006). Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study cohort. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 61(1), 72–77. http://doi.org/61/1/72 [pii]
Sasaki, H., Kasagi, F., Yamada, M., & Fujita, S. (2007). Grip Strength Predicts Cause-Specific Mortality in Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons. The American Journal of Medicine, 120(4), 337–342. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.04.018
Gale, C. R., Martyn, C. N., Cooper, C., & Sayer, A. A. (2007). Grip strength, body composition, and mortality. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36(1), 228–235. http://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl224
Swallow, E. B., Reyes, D., Hopkinson, N. S., Man, W. D.-C., Porcher, R., Cetti, E. J., … Polkey, M. I. (2007). Quadriceps strength predicts mortality in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 62(2), 115–120. http://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2006.062026
Ali, N. A., O’Brien, J. M., Hoffmann, S. P., Phillips, G., Garland, A., Finley, J. C. W., … Marsh, C. B. (2008). Acquired weakness, handgrip strength, and mortality in critically III patients. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 178(3), 261–268. http://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200712-1829OC
Ruiz, J. R., Sui, X., Lobelo, F., Morrow, J. R., Jackson, A. W., Sjostrom, M., & Blair, S. N. (2008). Association between muscular strength and mortality in men: prospective cohort study. Bmj, 337(jul01 2), a439–a439. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a439
Ruiz, J. R., Castro-Pinero, J., Artero, E. G., Ortega, F. B., Sjostrom, M., Suni, J., & Castillo, M. J. (2009). Predictive validity of health-related fitness in youth: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(12), 909–923.http://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.056499
Ruiz, J. R., Sui, X., Lobelo, F., Lee, D. C., Morrow, J. R., Jackson, A. W., … Blair, S. N. (2009). Muscular strength and adiposity as predictors of adulthood cancer mortality in men. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 18(5), 1468–1476. http://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1075
Xue, Q. L., Beamer, B. A., Chaves, P. H. M., Guralnik, J. M., & Fried, L. P. (2010). Heterogeneity in rate of decline in grip, hip, and knee strength and the risk of all-cause mortality: The women’s health and aging study II. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58(11), 2076–2084. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03154.x
Phillips, A. C., Der, G., & Carroll, D. (2010). Self-reported health, self-reported fitness, and all-cause mortality: Prospective cohort study. British Journal of Health Psychology, 15(2), 337–346. http://doi.org/10.1348/135910709X466180
Cooper R Kuh D Hardy R Mortality Review Group FALCon and HALCyon Study Teams.Objectively measured physical capability levels and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis.(2010) BMJ. 2010 Sep 9;341:c4467. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c4467.
Han, S. S., Kim, K. W., Kim, K.-I., Na, K. Y., Chae, D.-W., Kim, S., & Chin, H. J. (2010). Lean Mass Index: A Better Predictor of Mortality than Body Mass Index in Elderly Asians. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58(2), 312–317. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02672.x
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Celis-Morales CA, Welsh P, Lyall DM et al(2018) Associations of grip strength with cardiovascular, respiratory, and cancer outcomes and all cause mortality: prospective cohort study of half a million UK Biobank participants https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29739772
Sang-Min Park et al. (2018) Low handgrip strength is closely associated with chronic low back pain among women aged 50 years or older: A cross-sectional study using a national health survey https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207759
Thanks to Simon King.